Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals over 45 years of age in industrialized countries. Single and repeated TBI is linked to progressive neurodegeneration and has been identified as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, which accounts for roughly 60 to 80% of dementia cases. Characterized...

A leading cause of death and disability in school-aged children is traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children with TBI may face new academic challenges, largely due to impairment of concentration, attention, and processing speed following their injury. Although students with TBI may share some characteristics of students with other disabilities, TBI is distinct in that children...

People who have experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI) may continue to experience emotional and cognitive problems even after the initial recovery from injury. Experts have identified a significant association between TBI and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), given that TBI may occur during an event that is also emotionally traumatic, such as a vehicle accident or...

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, is often associated with chronic cognitive difficulties. Although these symptoms usually resolve within weeks of a concussion, a small proportion of people who sustain mTBI will experience post-concussive symptoms that persist for months or years, often causing significant social and emotional challenges. A potential pathway for treating these...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Individuals with TBI may experience a range of emotional, psychological, and cognitive challenges. Among these commonly reported complications is post-traumatic sleep-wake disorders, including insomnia. Current standard treatments for post-TBI insomnia include benzodiazepine drugs, cognitive behavioral therapy, and other psychological treatments, with varying...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major pediatric health concern, as researchers estimate that 10% of children are likely to sustain a TBI before the age of 10. Even a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in children can cause adverse outcomes such as headaches, dizziness, emotional problems, and impaired cognition. A common complaint among children...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health concern, with a worldwide estimation of 50 million cases occurring annually. While the physical, emotional, and cognitive consequences of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) typically resolve within 3 to 6 months, approximately 15% of mTBI patients experience long-term symptoms. The ability to focus and sustain attention is...

Sleep disturbances affect up to 70 percent of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). These changes can be largely detrimental to everyday life in individuals with TBI, who may begin to experience increased daytime sleepiness, poor sleep efficiency, and poor sleep quality. While some sleep disturbances only occur in the acute phase of TBI recovery,...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disrupted development among children and disproportionately affects children aged five and younger. Severe TBI can have chronic adverse effects on children’s’ cognitive development, communication, and social abilities. Due to various anatomical differences, including larger head size and poorer neck musculature, children are more susceptible to TBI...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a form of acquired brain injury that can result in a range of functional deficits in individuals. Many consequences of TBI are easily observable, such as impaired physical ability, but conditions related to cognition, memory, and difficulties managing daily living may be invisible to others. A largely neglected area of...